A review of thermal management methods for electric vehicle batteries based on heat pipes and PCM

One of the most recent fields to emerge in this era of a sustainable energy revolution is energy storage in batteries. These days, electric vehicles use batteries more than ever. Lithium-ion batteries stand out as exceptional energy storage devices in this context and have been widely used due to their multiple impressive advantages. However, lithium-ion batteries are temperature sensitive, so the battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essentially used in electric vehicles. The operating temperature range of an electric vehicle lithium-ion battery is 15–35 °C, achieved using a battery thermal management system (BTMS). Also, internal heat generation due to charging and discharging affects the performance of the lithium-ion batteries. Hence, a battery thermal management system is required. This paper comprehensively reviews all experimental and numerical analyses conducted on heat pipe-based BTMS techniques for electric and hybrid vehicles. Research on flat heat pipes, oscillating heat pipes, micro-heat pipes, and hybrid (HP + PCM) battery thermal management systems are discussed in this review article. Based on the review, it is determined that heat pipe-based hybrid (HP + PCM) battery thermal management systems perform significantly better than other BTMSs. Finally, an ongoing analysis describes the potential advantages, difficulties, and future opportunities for using heat pipes in TMS to enhance the installation and operation of EVs.