Tetralogy of Fallot with severe ascending aortic enlargement in early childhood

The Rastelli procedure is indicated for repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia. However, currently, there are no criteria available for concomitant surgical intervention for an enlarged ascending aorta in infancy. We report a rare case of TOF with pulmonary atresia complicated by severe enlargement of the ascending aorta in a girl aged 2 years and 5 months. We performed the Rastelli procedure with ascending aorta replacement. Pathological findings of the ascending aorta included fragmentation of elastic fibers and loss of smooth muscle cells. Postoperatively, the patient remained healthy and asymptomatic. This case indicates that ascending aortic enlargement in conotruncal anomalies may be associated with pathological lesion even in early childhood. Replacement of the diseased aorta could be considered as a concomitant procedure with definitive repair for conotruncal anomalies presenting with severe ascending aortic enlargement.