Design and Analysis of DGS Based Miniaturized Compound Reconfigurable Asymmetrical Micro Strip Fractal Array Antenna for L, S and C Band Applications

As the world becomes more wireless, the demand for smaller antennas with wideband capabilities is growing. The performance characteristics of a miniaturized compound frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna using an asymmetrical array patch as the top layer and a metamaterial DGS structure as the ground layer are discussed in this work. The focus of this research is on reconfigurability with a dynamic response over frequency and a customizable radiation pattern in a controlled environment. It’s done by tinkering with radiating patch structures, which are analogous to switches and adjustable materials. This approach modifies the RF current travelling through the antenna construction to match the intended response and provides a reversible change to its attributes. In the High Frequency Structure Simulator, the proposed antenna structure of 11.5 mm × 11.5 mm reduced size is designed, simulated, and the results are analyzed, and after fabrication, the results such as return loss, VSWR, and impedance are validated using the Vector Network Analyzer, ANRITSU-MS2027C. The simulated and measured results shown with impedance bandwidth for 1.42 GHz, 3 GHz and 4.5 GHz. The antenna has a gain of + 4.7 dB overall and a directivity of + 5.3 dB. At 1.42 GHz, the antenna’s return loss was − 19.58 dB, − 11.54 dB at 3 GHz, and − 13.91 dB at 4.5 GHz. The antenna spans three separate (L, S, and C) bands for common wireless applications over the range of 1–5 GHz, with a VSWR value of less than 2 throughout the entire impedance bandwidth. The antenna design is covered in detail, as well as associated results are shown.