Exergetic and exergoeconomic assessments of a diesel engine operating on dual-fuel mode with biogas and diesel fuel containing boron nitride nanoparticles

This study investigates the exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a diesel engine operated on dual-fuel mode with fuelled both diesel fuel–boron nitride nanofuel and biogas purchased commercially. The experiments were performed for diesel fuel, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 0.5 L min−1 biogas, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 1.0 L min−1 biogas and diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 2.0 L min−1 biogas at various engine loads (2.5 Nm, 5.0 Nm, 7.5 Nm, and 10.0 Nm) and fixed crankshaft speed of 1500 rpm. The obtained experimental data were used to realize exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses. Among the fuels considered in this study, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle nanofuel had the best exergetic and exergoeconomic results. As a result, at engine load of 10 Nm, the exergy efficiency of test engine and specific exergy cost of crankshaft work were obtained to be 29.12% and 124.86 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle nanofuel, respectively. These values were 27.35% and 125.19 US$ GJ−1 for diesel fuel, 25.50% and 141.92 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 0.5 L min−1 biogas, 23.10% and 156.33 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 1.0 L min−1 biogas, and 21.09% and 171.92 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 2.0 L min−1 biogas, respectively. It is clear that biogas addition to combustion made worse the exergetic and exergoeconomic performances of test engine. As a conclusion, it can be said that diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle nanofuel can be used as alternative fuel to D100 in terms of exergy and exergoeconomics.