A unique highly thermostable 2-phosphoglycerate forming glycerate kinase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii: gene cloning, expression and characterization

A glycerate kinase (GK) gene (PH0495) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme was likely a homodimer based on SDS-PAGE (47 kDa) and gel filtration chromatography (100 kDa) analysis. A radioisotope-labeling examination method was initially used for the enzymatic activity detection, and the enzyme (GKph) was found to catalyze the formation of 2-phosphoglycerate using d-glycerate as the substrate. The enzyme exhibited unique phosphoryl donor specificity with maximal activity towards pyrophosphate. The temperature and pH optima of the enzyme were 45°C and 7.0, respectively, and about half of the maximal activity remained at 100°C. The enzyme was highly thermostable with almost no loss of activity at 90°C for 12 h. Based on sequence alignment and structural comparison it was assigned to group I of the trichotomy of GKs.