Apelin–13 protects against memory impairment and neuronal loss, Induced by Scopolamine in male rats

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Apelin–13 on scopolamine–induced memory impairment in rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups of eight. The control group received no intervention; the scopolamine group underwent stereotaxic surgery and received 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal scopolamine. The treatment groups additionally received 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg apelin–13 in right lateral ventricles for 7 days. All rats (except the control group) were tested for the passive avoidance reaction, 24 h after the last drug injection. For histological analysis, hippocampal sections were stained with cresyl violet; synaptogenesis biochemical markers were determined by immunoblotting. Apelin–13 alleviated scopolamine–induced passive avoidance memory impairment and neuronal loss in the rats’ hippocampus (P<0.001). The reduction observed in mean concentrations of hippocampal synaptic proteins (including neurexin1, neuroligin, and postsynaptic density protein 95) in scopolamine–treated animals was attenuated by apelin–13 treatment. The results demonstrated that apelin–13 can protect against passive avoidance memory deficiency, and neuronal loss, induced by scopolamine in male rats. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.