Naturally bioactive compounds from Hemimycale aff arabica: antimicrobial, antiglycation, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking studies

Two naturally new cyclic urea and amide derivatives, [1,3]-diazepan-2-one (1) and (S)-1,4-diaza-cyclododecane-2,3-dion (2), were isolated from the organic extract of the sponge Hemimycale aff arabica collected from the Red Sea. This was together with 4-acetamido-2,6-dibromo-4-hydroxy-1,1-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene (3), 2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol (4), β-sitosterol (5), bis-[2-ethyl]-hexyl-phthylester, triglyceride fatty acid ester, and linoleic acid. The chemical structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined based on 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and HR-ESIMS. Compounds 1 and 2 revealed high potency as antiglycated agents. The molecular docking study of compounds 1 and 2 using α-glucosidase, α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, and glycogen synthase kinase was performed to check their efficiency as hypoglycemic agents. Both the sponge extract and compound 1 showed no cytotoxicity vs. the RPE-1 as a model of normal cell line.