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- [21] Effect of transition metals doping on electronic structure and optical properties of β-Ga2O3MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS, 2021, 8 (02)Gao, Shanshan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R ChinaLi, Weixue论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Proc & Recycling Nonferrous Met, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R ChinaDai, Jianfeng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Proc & Recycling Nonferrous Met, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R ChinaWang, Qing论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Proc & Recycling Nonferrous Met, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R ChinaSuo, Zhongqiang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China
- [22] Optical and Electronic Energy Band Properties of Nb-Doped β-Ga2O3 CrystalsCRYSTALS, 2021, 11 (02): : 1 - 8Long, Xianjian论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaNiu, Wenlong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaWan, Lingyu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaChen, Xian论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaCui, Huiyuan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Key Lab Mat High Power Laser, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaSai, Qinglin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Key Lab Mat High Power Laser, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaXia, Changtai论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Key Lab Mat High Power Laser, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaTalwar, Devki N.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R ChinaFeng, Zhechuan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lab Optoelect Mat & Detect Technol, Ctr NanoEnergy Res,Guangxi Key Lab Relativist Ast, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China
- [23] Electronic Structure of Tungsten-Doped β-Ga2O3 CompoundsECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2019, 8 (07) : Q3111 - Q3115Zade, Vishal论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USA Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USAMallesham, B.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USA Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USARoy, Swadipta论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USA PNNL, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USAShutthanandan, V.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: PNNL, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USARamana, C. V.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USA Univ Texas El Paso, Ctr Adv Mat Res CMR, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
- [24] The electronic structure and magnetic property of the Mn doped β-Ga2O3SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES, 2019, 125 : 330 - 337Wang, Xiaolong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaQuhe, Ruge论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaZhi, Yusong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaLiu, Zeng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaHuang, Yuanqi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaDai, Xianqi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Henan Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Mat Sci, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, Peoples R China Zhengzhou Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Engn, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaTang, Yanan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Zhengzhou Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Engn, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaWu, Zhenping论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R ChinaTang, Weihua论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Lab Informat Funct Mat & Devices, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China
- [25] Electronic properties of the residual donor in unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2016, 120 (23)Son, N. T.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenGoto, K.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan Tamura Corp, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenNomura, K.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenThieu, Q. T.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Kumagai, Y.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenKuramata, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tamura Corp, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenHigashiwaki, M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenKoukitu, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenYamakoshi, S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tamura Corp, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenMonemar, B.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, SwedenJanzen, E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden
- [26] Electronic structure and optical properties of Cu-O co-doped AINACTA PHYSICA SINICA, 2018, 67 (04)Cheng Li论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaWang De-Xing论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaZhang Yang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaSu Li-Ping论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaChen Shu-Yan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaWang Xiao-Feng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaSun Peng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaYi Chong-Gui论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Integrated Fiber Opt, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
- [27] Ab initio study of N-doped β-Ga2O3 with intrinsic defects: the structural, electronic and optical propertiesJOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, 2017, 712 : 379 - 385Dong, Linpeng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R China Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R ChinaJia, Renxu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R China Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R ChinaLi, Chong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R China Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R ChinaXin, Bin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R China Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R ChinaZhang, Yuming论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R China Xidian Univ, Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices, Sch Microelect, Xian 710071, Peoples R China
- [28] First-Principles Calculations of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Si-Doped and Vacancy β-Ga2O3CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, 2022, 57 (01)Liu, Jifei论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R ChinaGao, Shanshan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R ChinaLi, Weixue论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, State Key Lab Adv Proc & Recycling Nonferrous Met, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R ChinaDai, Jianfeng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, State Key Lab Adv Proc & Recycling Nonferrous Met, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R ChinaSuo, Zhongqiang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R ChinaSuo, Zhengting论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Sch New Energy & Power Engn, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China
- [29] Optoelectronic Properties of Mg-Al Co-doped β-Ga2O3: First Principles CalculationsECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2025, 14 (02)Chen, Lin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guilin Univ Technol, Educ Dept Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Key Lab Adv Mfg & Automat Technol, Guilin 541006, Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol, Coll Mech & Control Engn, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol, Educ Dept Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Key Lab Adv Mfg & Automat Technol, Guilin 541006, Peoples R ChinaLi, Haixia论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guilin Univ Technol, Educ Dept Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Key Lab Adv Mfg & Automat Technol, Guilin 541006, Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol, Coll Mech & Control Engn, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol, Educ Dept Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Key Lab Adv Mfg & Automat Technol, Guilin 541006, Peoples R ChinaChen, Shangju论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guilin Univ Technol, Educ Dept Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Key Lab Adv Mfg & Automat Technol, Guilin 541006, Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol, Coll Mech & Control Engn, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol, Educ Dept Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Key Lab Adv Mfg & Automat Technol, Guilin 541006, Peoples R China
- [30] Electron irradiation effects on the optical properties of Hf- and Zn-doped β-Ga2O3JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2024, 135 (18)Remple, Cassandra论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USAHuso, Jesse论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: 1615 NE Eastgate Blvd,Unit G,Ste 3E, Pullman, WA 99163 USA Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USAWeber, Marc H.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Washington State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USAMcCloy, John S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USAMcCluskey, Matthew D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA 1615 NE Eastgate Blvd,Unit G,Ste 3E, Pullman, WA 99163 USA Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA