Time-Resolved High-Resolution Angiography Combining Arterial Spin Labeling and Time-of-Flight Imaging

A strategy to combine two non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography techniques is presented. It is based on arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the arterial system at different time points to obtain information about hemodynamic properties in conjunction with a high-resolution time-of-flight angiography acquisition. The temporal information obtained by arterial spin labeling (ASL) is combined with the highly spatial resolved time-of-flight image to obtain information about blood flow. Extracting the information of ASL and time-of-flight-imaging leads to images with high spatial resolution which also give information about the temporal course of blood through the intracerebral vasculature. Furthermore, owing to the properties of ASL, visible venous flow in the time-of-flight images can be suppressed. The behavior of vascular filling (i.e. signal changes in the ASL) is investigated and used for further interpretation of the data. Furthermore, the ASL data were down-sampled to find a minimally needed spatial resolution to combine both image types. Up to 1.6 mm isotropic resolution still showed satisfying results rated by two independent readers. In conclusion, a combination of these two different vascular imaging modalities allows to obtain highly spatial and time-resolved images.