Permeability of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in liposomes and cardiac myocytes

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) helps preserve heart and other organs under ischemic conditions. Previous studies indicated that it can be taken up by various cell types. Here we extended observations from our group that FBP could penetrate artificial lipid bilayers and be taken up by cardiac myocytes [8, 10], comparing the uptake of FBP to that of L-glucose. Using liposomes prepared by the freeze-thaw method, FBP entered about 200-fold slower than L-glucose. For liposomes of either soybean or egg lipids, 50 mM FBP enhanced the permeability of FBP itself, with little effect on general permeability (measured by uptake of L-glucose). In experiments with isolated cardiac myocytes at 21°C, FBP uptake exceeded the uptake of L-glucose by several fold and appeared to equilibrate by 60 min. There was both a saturable component at micromolar levels and a nonsaturable component which dominated at millimolar levels. The saturable component was inhibited by Pi and by other phosphorylated sugars, though with lower affinity than FBP. Both saturable and nonsaturable uptakes were also observed at 3°C. The results indicate that FBP enters myocytes not by simple penetration through the lipid bilayer, but via at least two distinct protein-dependent processes. The uptake could lead to intracellular effects important in hypothermic heart preservation.