Femtosecond and nanometre visualization of structural dynamics in superheated nanoparticles

被引：96

作者：

Gorkhover, Tais ^{[1
,2
]}

Schorb, Sebastian ^{[1
,2
]}

Coffee, Ryan ^{[1
,3
,4
]}

Adolph, Marcus ^{[2
]}

Foucar, Lutz ^{[5
,6
]}

Rupp, Daniela ^{[2
]}

Aquila, Andrew ^{[1
,7
,8
]}

Bozek, John D. ^{[1
,9
]}

Epp, Sascha W. ^{[5
,10
]}

Erk, Benjamin ^{[5
,10
,11
]}

Gumprecht, Lars ^{[7
]}

Holmegaard, Lotte ^{[7
,12
]}

Hartmann, Andreas ^{[13
]}

Hartmann, Robert ^{[13
]}

Hauser, Guenter ^{[14
]}

Holl, Peter ^{[13
]}

Hoemke, Andre ^{[5
,10
]}

Johnsson, Per ^{[15
]}

Kimmel, Nils ^{[14
]}

Kuehnel, Kai-Uwe ^{[10
]}

Messerschmidt, Marc ^{[16
]}

Reich, Christian ^{[13
]}

Rouzee, Arnaud ^{[17
,18
]}

Rudek, Benedikt ^{[5
,10
,19
]}

Schmidt, Carlo ^{[5
,10
]}

Schulz, Joachim ^{[7
,8
]}

Soltau, Heike ^{[13
]}

Stern, Stephan ^{[7
,20
,21
]}

Weidenspointner, Georg ^{[14
,22
]}

White, Bill ^{[1
]}

Kuepper, Jochen ^{[7
,20
,21
]}

Strueder, Lothar ^{[13
,23
]}

Schlichting, Ilme ^{[5
,6
]}

Ullrich, Joachim ^{[5
,10
,19
]}

Rolles, Daniel ^{[5
,6
,24
]}

Rudenko, Artem ^{[5
,9
,24
]}

Moeller, Thomas ^{[2
]}

Bostedt, Christoph ^{[1
,3
,4
,25
,26
]}

机构：

[1] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford, CA 94309 USA

[2] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Opt & Atomare Phys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany

[3] PULSE Inst, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[4] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[5] Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, Max Planck Adv Study Grp, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[6] Max Planck Inst Med Res, Jahnstr 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

[7] DESY, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci CFEL, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[8] European XFEL GmbH, Albert Einstein Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[9] Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 91192, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[10] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[11] Photon Sci DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[12] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

[13] PNSensor GmbH, Otto Hahn Ring 6, D-81739 Munich, Germany

[14] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85741 Garching, Germany

[15] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[16] Natl Sci Fdn BioXFEL Sci & Technol Ctr, 700 Ellicott St Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA

[17] Max Born Inst, Max Born Str, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[18] FOM Inst AMOLF, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

[19] PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany

[20] Univ Hamburg, Dept Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[21] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[22] Max Planck Inst Halbleiterlabor, Otto Hahn Ring 6, D-81739 Munich, Germany

[23] Univ Siegen, Emmy Noether Campus,Walter Flex Str 3, D-57072 Siegen, Germany

[24] Kansas State Univ, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA

[25] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

[26] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA

来源：

NATURE PHOTONICS | 2016年 / 10卷 / 02期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

FREE-ELECTRON LASER; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; TIME; SCATTERING; EXPANSION; PLASMA; MATTER; VACUUM;

D O I：

10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.264

中图分类号：

O43 [光学];

学科分类号：

070207 ; 0803 ;

摘要：

The ability to observe ultrafast structural changes in nanoscopic samples is essential for understanding non-equilibrium phenomena such as chemical reactions(1), matter under extreme conditions(2), ultrafast phase transitions(3) and intense light-matter interactions(4). Established imaging techniques are limited either in time or spatial resolution and typically require samples to be deposited on a substrate, which interferes with the dynamics. Here, we show that coherent X-ray diffraction images from isolated single samples can be used to visualize femtosecond electron density dynamics. We recorded X-ray snapshot images from a nanoplasma expansion, a prototypical non-equilibrium phenomenon(4,5). Single Xe clusters are superheated using an intense optical laser pulse and the structural evolution of the sample is imaged with a single X-ray pulse. We resolved ultrafast surface softening on the nanometre scale at the plasma/vacuum interface within 100 fs of the heating pulse. Our study is the first time-resolved visualization of irreversible femtosecond processes in free, individual nanometre-sized samples.

引用

页码：93 / +

页数：6

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