Transient performance comparison of grid-forming converters with different FRT control strategies

Grid-forming converters (GFMs) are faced with the threat of transient inrush current and synchronization instability issues when subjected to grid faults. Instead of disconnecting from the grid unintentionally, GFMs are required to have fault ride through (FRT) capability to maintain safe and stable operation in grid-connected mode during grid fault periods. In recent studies, different FRT control strategies with distinguishing features and that are feasible for different operation conditions have been proposed for GFMs. To determine their application scope, an intuitive comparison of the transient performance of different FRT control strategies is presented in this paper. First, three typical FRT control strategies (virtual impedance, current limiters, and mode-switching control) are introduced and transient mathematical models are established. A detailed comparison analysis on transient inrush current and transient synchronization stability is then presented. The results will be useful for guiding the selection and design of FRT control strategies. Finally, simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC are considered to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.