Women’s expectations about birth, requests for pain relief in labor and the subsequent development of birth dissonance and trauma

Kringeland T(2010)What characterizes women who want to give birth as naturally as possible without painkillers or intervention? Sex Reprod Healthc 1 21-26

Daltveit AK(2004)The meaning of natural childbirth Perspect Biol Med. 47 266-72

Møller A(2009)Effects of natural childbirth preparation versus standard antenatal education on epidural rates, experience of childbirth and parental stress in mothers and fathers: a randomised controlled multicentre trial BJOG 116 1167-1176

Cosans C(2000)Why natural childbirth? J Perinat Educ 9 44-6

Bergstrom M(2006)Gender expectations: natural bodies and natural births in the new midwifery in Canada Med Anthropol Q 20 235-256

Kieler H(2011)Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12 CD009514-540

Waldenstrom U(2014)Acupuncture and acupressure for pain management in labour and birth: a critical narrative review of current systematic review evidence Complement Ther Med 22 523-137

Lothian JA(2019)Women’s experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review Reprod Health 16 71-3292

MacDonald M(2021)Effect of aerobic water exercise during pregnancy on epidural use and pain: a multi-centre, randomised, controlled trial Midwifery 103 103105-854

Smith CA(2014)Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care: a meta-analysis Birth 41 122-68

Kringeland T(2010)What characterizes women who want to give birth as naturally as possible without painkillers or intervention? Sex Reprod Healthc 1 21-26

Daltveit AK(2004)The meaning of natural childbirth Perspect Biol Med. 47 266-72

Møller A(2009)Effects of natural childbirth preparation versus standard antenatal education on epidural rates, experience of childbirth and parental stress in mothers and fathers: a randomised controlled multicentre trial BJOG 116 1167-1176

Cosans C(2000)Why natural childbirth? J Perinat Educ 9 44-6

Bergstrom M(2006)Gender expectations: natural bodies and natural births in the new midwifery in Canada Med Anthropol Q 20 235-256

Kieler H(2011)Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12 CD009514-540

Waldenstrom U(2014)Acupuncture and acupressure for pain management in labour and birth: a critical narrative review of current systematic review evidence Complement Ther Med 22 523-137

Lothian JA(2019)Women’s experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review Reprod Health 16 71-3292

MacDonald M(2021)Effect of aerobic water exercise during pregnancy on epidural use and pain: a multi-centre, randomised, controlled trial Midwifery 103 103105-854

Smith CA(2014)Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care: a meta-analysis Birth 41 122-68