In this paper we generalize the construction of binary self-orthogonal codes obtained from weakly self-orthogonal designs described in Tonchev (J Combinat Theory Ser A 52:197-205, 1989) in order to obtain self-orthogonal codes over an arbitrary field. We extend construction self-orthogonal codes from orbit matrices of self-orthogonal designs and weakly self-orthogonal 1-designs such that block size is odd and block intersection numbers are even described in Crnković (Adv Math Commun 12:607–628, 2018). Also, we generalize mentioned construction in order to obtain self-orthogonal codes over an arbitrary field. We construct weakly self-orthogonal designs invariant under an action of Mathieu group M11\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$M_{11}$$\end{document} and, from them, binary self-orthogonal codes.
