Pyrroloquinoline Quinine and LY294002 Changed Cell Cycle and Apoptosis by Regulating PI3K-AKT-GSK3β Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells

To verify the role of PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway during manganese (Mn)-induced cell death, apoptosis, related indicators were investigated. SH-SY5Y cells were directly exposed to different concentrations of MnCl2. Then, cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis rate, and cell cycle were detected by MTT, FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit with PI and PI staining. Then, in two intervention groups, cells were preconditioned with agonist (PQQ) and suppressant (LY294002). The cell viability decreased with a dose-response relationship (p < 0.05), while apoptosis and necrosis increased (p < 0.05). The ratio of G0/G1 and G2/M also decreased, but the percentage of S phase increased (p < 0.05). During above process, PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway was involved by regulating the expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and GSK3β (p < 0.05). For further research, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected pretreatment with PQQ and LY294002 before Mn exposure. The result showed cell ability, apoptosis, and necrosis rate changed obviously compared with non-pretreated group (p < 0.05). The variance of G0/G1 and G2/M ratio and percentage of S phase were also different, especially in 2.0 mM (p < 0.05). Mn can cause apoptosis and necrosis, varying cell cycle of SH-SY5Y cells, which could be changed by PQQ and LY294002 by regulating PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway.