Towards cost analysis and energy estimation of simple multiplexer and demultiplexer using quantum dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a rapidly intensifying nanotechnology that promises ultra-low power consumption, high speed, and ultra-small area requirements. Multiplexer and demultiplexer are the two fundamental and unavoidable blocks in quantum computation or nano communication using QCA. Two significant factors in evaluating the performance of a QCA circuit are energy dissipation and cost function. The total energy dissipation of the QCA multiplexer is 13 meV, whereas, the total energy dissipation of the demultiplexer is 10.4 meV utilizing QDE. The total energy dissipation of the multiplexer employing QCAPro at a fixed temperature of 2 K and a tunneling level of γ = 0.5EK is 21.67 meV, while the same for demultiplexer is 32.86 meV. The Runge–Kutta approximation approach was used to estimate energy using the tool QDE in the Coherence vector energy mode. In addition, the costs of both experimental objects have been determined. Multiplexer and demultiplexer area-delay costs (m2-cc) are 0.002 and 0.005, respectively; multiplexer QCA-specific cost is 90 scp, and demultiplexer QCA-specific cost is 20 scp; multiplexer and demultiplexer energy-delay costs (seV–scc) are 0.000206 and 0.000429, respectively.