Detecting human influence on the temperature changes in Central Asia

The ecosystem and societal development in arid Central Asia are highly vulnerable to climate change. During the past five decades, significant warming occurs in Central Asia, but whether the influence of anthropogenic forcing is detectable remains unclear. Therefore, we employ the optimal fingerprinting method to address the question in this study. The observed annual mean temperature (°C) over Central Asia significantly increases by 1.33 from 1961 to 2005, which mainly concentrates in summer (0.90), autumn (1.22), and winter (2.48). The influence of anthropogenic forcing, particularly the greenhouse gases (GHG) forcing, on both the annual and seasonal significant warming trends are robustly detected. GHG increases the annual, summer, autumn, and winter mean temperature (°C) by 1.25 (0.52–2.00), 1.11 (0.32–1.92), 1.11 (0.40–1.83), and 2.50 (0.91–4.34), respectively. Attribution results demonstrate an underestimation (overestimation) of CMIP5 models in simulating the annual and winter (summer and autumn) historical warming trend in Central Asia, implying a potential bias of the future temperature projections reported in IPCC AR5. Thus, we adjust the projections based on the attributed scaling factors, showing that the projected annual, summer, autumn, and winter mean temperature would significantly increase at a rate (°C decade−1) of 0.32 (0.16–0.49), 0.20 (0.06–0.35), 0.24 (0.10–0.38) and 0.58 (0.24–0.93) under RCP4.5, while 0.74 (0.36–1.12), 0.48 (0.14–0.84), 0.58 (0.25–0.91), and 1.25 (0.53–2.02) under RCP8.5, respectively, demonstrating large annual variation. To the end of twenty-first century, the annual (winter) mean temperature (°C) over Central Asia would increase by 7.00 (11.75) under RCP8.5, 0.85 (5.17) higher than the unadjusted results.