Application of optimization response surface for the biosorption of crystal violet dye from textile wastewater onto Clerodendrum fragrans leaves

The aim of this research is to use Clerodendrum fragrans leaf powder as a biosorbent to extract crystal violet (CV) dye from textile wastewater in a batch study. Contact time, solution pH, initial CV dye concentration, biosorbent dosage, average particle size of the biosorbent, and temperature all had an impact on the method. Thermodynamic, kinetic, and isotherm studies of the effects of removing CV dye from Clerodendrum fragrans biosorbent were studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the relationships between the process parameters that affect the process and to optimize it for high dye removal. The maximum removal efficiency was predicted to be 96.72% for crystal violet, which was obtained at a temperature of 303.90 K, solution pH of 5.03, initial dye concentration of 19.44 mg/L, and biosorbent dosage of 1.27 g. Using Clerodendrum fragrans leaves as a biosorbent, the uptake of crystal violet dye was found to be 13.50 mg/g in this analysis.