Advances in (Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4O11+δ Superconductors with High Critical Transition Temperature and High Irreversibility Magnetic Field

The non-toxic copper oxide superconductor, (Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4O11+δ or (Cu,C)-1234, exhibits the highest irreversibility magnetic field among superconducting materials in the liquid nitrogen temperature range and can achieve a superconducting transition temperature of 117 K, providing a new sample system for physical studies of copper oxide high-temperature superconductors. This article examines the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the high critical transition temperature, high critical current density, and notable irreversibility field properties observed in superconductors based on (Cu,C)-1234 copper. It also investigates the recent advancements made in the methods employed for the fabrication of bulks and thin films of this superconductor. Additionally, a comparison is made between the performance parameters of (Cu,C)-1234 superconductors and other superconducting materials that possess critical temperatures surpassing 100 K. This comparison highlights the distinctive characteristics and advantages of (Cu,C)-1234. Finally, we present potential future applications in the fields of energy transmission, magnetic levitation, and scientific research.