Comparison of antibiotic resistance phenotypes in laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae

This study was designed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance phenotypes in wild-type Staphylococcus aureus (WT-SA), oxacillin-induced S. aureus (OI-SA), clinically-acquired antibiotic-resistant S. aureus (CA-SA), wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium (WT-ST), ciprofloxacin-induced S. Typhimurium (CI-ST), clinically-acquired antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium (CA-ST), wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae (WT-KP), ciprofloxacin-induced K. pneumoniae (CI-KP), and clinically-acquired antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae (CA-KP). The resistance of WT-SA, WT-ST, and WT-KP to ampicillin, ceftazidime, and cephalotin, penicillin was increased after induction by oxacillin OI-SA, ciprofloxacin CI-ST, and ciprofloxacin CI-KP, respectively. The highest β-lactamase activities were 12 and 36 μmol/min/ml, respectively, for CA-ST and CA-KP. The EtBr residues remained high in S. Typhimurium (>80%) and K. pneumoniae (>90%) when treated with CCCP. The distinct FT–IR spectra were observed in protein region (1700–1500 cm−1) and carbohydrate region (1200–900 cm−1). This study would provide useful information for better understating of specific resistance mechanisms in association with β-lactamase and efflux pump activities.