Dysfunctional Immunometabolism in HIV Infection: Contributing Factors and Implications for Age-Related Comorbid Diseases

[1] Hunt PW(2003)T cell activation is associated with lower CD4 + T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus – infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy J Infect Dis 187 1534-1543

[2] Martin JN(2013)Antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute HIV infection fails to prevent persistent T-cell activation J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 62 505-508

[3] Sinclair E(2017)Persistent, albeit reduced, chronic inflammation in persons starting antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV infection Clin Infect Dis 64 124-131

[4] Bredt B(2012)HIV infection induces age-related changes to monocytes and innate immune activation in young men that persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy AIDS 26 843-853

[5] Hagos E(2011)Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population Clin Infect Dis 53 1120-1126

[6] Lampiris H(2010)Causes of death in HIV-1–infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy, 1996–2006: collaborative analysis of 13 HIV cohort studies Clin Infect Dis 50 1387-1396

[7] Deeks SG(2014)Soluble markers of inflammation and coagulation but not T-cell activation predict non – AIDS-defining morbid events during suppressive antiretroviral treatment J Infect Dis 210 1248-1259

[8] Vinikoor MJ(2015)Association of immune-activation and senescence markers with non-AIDS-defining comorbidities in HIV-suppressed patients AIDS. 29 2099-2108

[9] Cope A(2014)Evidence for innate immune system activation in HIV type 1-infected elite controllers J Infect Dis 209 931-939

[10] Gay CL(2013)Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence Immunity. 38 633-643

[1] Hunt PW(2003)T cell activation is associated with lower CD4 + T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus – infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy J Infect Dis 187 1534-1543

[2] Martin JN(2013)Antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute HIV infection fails to prevent persistent T-cell activation J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 62 505-508

[3] Sinclair E(2017)Persistent, albeit reduced, chronic inflammation in persons starting antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV infection Clin Infect Dis 64 124-131

[4] Bredt B(2012)HIV infection induces age-related changes to monocytes and innate immune activation in young men that persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy AIDS 26 843-853

[5] Hagos E(2011)Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population Clin Infect Dis 53 1120-1126

[6] Lampiris H(2010)Causes of death in HIV-1–infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy, 1996–2006: collaborative analysis of 13 HIV cohort studies Clin Infect Dis 50 1387-1396

[7] Deeks SG(2014)Soluble markers of inflammation and coagulation but not T-cell activation predict non – AIDS-defining morbid events during suppressive antiretroviral treatment J Infect Dis 210 1248-1259

[8] Vinikoor MJ(2015)Association of immune-activation and senescence markers with non-AIDS-defining comorbidities in HIV-suppressed patients AIDS. 29 2099-2108

[9] Cope A(2014)Evidence for innate immune system activation in HIV type 1-infected elite controllers J Infect Dis 209 931-939

[10] Gay CL(2013)Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence Immunity. 38 633-643