A Scoping Review on Agency Collaboration in Emergency Management Based on the 3C Model

Most emergency responses involve collaborative efforts from teams operating in the field and in the backstage. Collaboration within and across agencies should therefore be regarded as an essential service in emergency management. We propose a conceptual lens to analyse the technological support to collaboration services in emergency management. The proposed lens is based on the 3C Model, which regards collaboration services as the articulation and composition of three other services: communication, coordination and cooperation. Using this lens, we conduct a scoping literature review of the emergency management domain. The review contributes to better understand the relationships between collaboration services and technology support in emergency management.