Identification of ‘Sib’ plants in hybrid cauliflowers using microsatellite markers

Hybrid cauliflowers have been developed to exploit heterosis and to improve uniformity of production. Two breeding systems are commonly employed, self-incompatibility (SI) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Sibs, assumed to be self-inbred, often contaminate hybrid seed lots in the SI system and whilst self-inbreeding is not possible in the CMS system, plants that look like sibs occur. The objective of this study was to develop microsatellite markers for male and female cauliflower parent lines of both SI and CMS systems and to use them to screen sibs and aberrant plants in F1 hybrids. Fifty six pairs of microsatellite primers were screened and 8 primer pairs produced co-dominant markers in parent plants and two pairs of markers were chosen for purity testing of F1 hybrid seeds. Controlled pollinations were conducted in the glasshouse to produce hybrid and selfed-seeds. These seeds were grown in a field trial to identify morphologically normal and sib plants and to assess the reliability of microsatellite markers in detecting sib plants. Microsatellite analysis of morphological sib plants from the SI system revealed that these were not always self-inbred, in contrast, most self-inbred plants showed normal growth. Similarly, all morphological sibs from the CMS system showed hybrid bands. This suggests that morphological sibs were not always due to selfing but possibly to an interaction between genetic and environmental factors and this requires further investigation.