Role of Transcription Factor NF-κB in Neuroimmunoendocrine Mechanisms of Respiratory Diseases

One of the current challenges of biomedicine is to elucidate the multicomponent and multilevel mechanism of integrated neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of physiological functions. Respiratory diseases are leading in the structure of general morbidity among the population and remain one of the most relevant problems of modern healthcare. Numerous risk factors can contribute to the development of such pulmonary pathologies as pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis and others, whose incidence tends to increase annually. In this regard, signaling molecules, which are involved in neuroimmunoendocrine respiratory regulation and can be considered as both prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, are coming into focus of modern translational biomedicine. This review addresses the role of one of the key actors in the neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of homeostasis, a ubiquitous transcription factor NF-kappa B, in the regulation of respiratory function in health and during the pathogenesis of lung diseases. There is ample evidence that many pulmonary pathologies, resulting from ongoing inflammatory processes, are associated with NF-kappa B activation. A comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms underlying NF-kappa B activation and its relationship with other signaling pathways will contribute to solving the main task of translational biomedicine, the development of innovative approaches to prevention and personalized targeted therapies for human socially significant pathologies, including respiratory diseases.