Characteristics of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Susceptible Cultivars of Barley

Twelve cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were screened by assessing the length of 6-day-old seedlings grown in water culture at 70, 120, and 170 mM NaCl. As a result, two salt-susceptible cultivars, Belogorskii and QB 60.1, and three salt-tolerant cultivars, Elo, Odesskii 115, and Local from Ecuador, were selected, and these cultivars were used in the greenhouse soil-culture experiments. The grain yield of salt-tolerant cultivars was affected by NaCl to a lesser degree than that of the salt-susceptible cultivars. In both cases, soil salinization increased the sodium content in the seedlings as compared to the control plants. Characteristically, salt-susceptible cultivars accumulated more Na+ in their shoots than salt-tolerant cultivars; the reciprocal pattern was found in the roots. Soil salinization decreased K+ content in the shoots of the salt-susceptible cv. Belogorskii as compared to the control, whereas in the most tolerant cv. Local from Ecuador, the potassium content increased.