Comparison of manual versus automated measurement of Cobb angle in idiopathic scoliosis based on a deep learning keypoint detection technology

[1] Morrissy RT(1990)Measurement of the Cobb angle on radiographs of patients who have scoliosis. Evaluation of intrinsic error J Bone Jt Surg Am 72 320-327

[2] Goldsmith GS(2019)A Semi-automatic algorithm for estimating cobb angle J Biomed Phys Eng 9 317-326

[3] Hall EC(2020)A review on the use of artificial intelligence in spinal diseases Asian Spine J 53 142-155

[4] Kehl D(2019)Iterative fully convolutional neural networks for automatic vertebra segmentation and identification Med Image Anal 157 95-111

[5] Cowie GH(2018)Fully automatic cervical vertebrae segmentation framework for X-ray images Comput Methods Progr Biomed 86 251-256

[6] Safari A(2015)Artificial neural networks in neurosurgery J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 15 e1002699-3043

[7] Parsaei H(2018)Deep-learning-assisted diagnosis for knee magnetic resonance imaging: development and retrospective validation of MRNet PLoS Med 28 3035-472

[8] Zamani A(2019)Evaluation of a computer-aided method for measuring the Cobb angle on chest X-rays Eur Spine J 2019 6357171-45

[9] Pourabbas B(2019)Cobb angle measurement of spine from X-ray images using convolutional neural network Comput Math Methods Med 22 463-311

[10] Azimi P(2009)Automatic Cobb measurement of scoliosis based on fuzzy Hough Transform with vertebral shape prior J Digit Imaging 83 42-357

[1] Morrissy RT(1990)Measurement of the Cobb angle on radiographs of patients who have scoliosis. Evaluation of intrinsic error J Bone Jt Surg Am 72 320-327

[2] Goldsmith GS(2019)A Semi-automatic algorithm for estimating cobb angle J Biomed Phys Eng 9 317-326

[3] Hall EC(2020)A review on the use of artificial intelligence in spinal diseases Asian Spine J 53 142-155

[4] Kehl D(2019)Iterative fully convolutional neural networks for automatic vertebra segmentation and identification Med Image Anal 157 95-111

[5] Cowie GH(2018)Fully automatic cervical vertebrae segmentation framework for X-ray images Comput Methods Progr Biomed 86 251-256

[6] Safari A(2015)Artificial neural networks in neurosurgery J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 15 e1002699-3043

[7] Parsaei H(2018)Deep-learning-assisted diagnosis for knee magnetic resonance imaging: development and retrospective validation of MRNet PLoS Med 28 3035-472

[8] Zamani A(2019)Evaluation of a computer-aided method for measuring the Cobb angle on chest X-rays Eur Spine J 2019 6357171-45

[9] Pourabbas B(2019)Cobb angle measurement of spine from X-ray images using convolutional neural network Comput Math Methods Med 22 463-311

[10] Azimi P(2009)Automatic Cobb measurement of scoliosis based on fuzzy Hough Transform with vertebral shape prior J Digit Imaging 83 42-357