Immune-Mediated CNS Diseases: a Review

Purpose of Review: This review of central nervous system (CNS) immune-mediated disorders serves as an overview of multiple neuroinflammatory conditions. Organized by CNS site, it gives the reader up to date information on clinical presentation, diagnostic pitfalls, and treatment considerations for the acute phase of these disorders. Special attention is paid to some of the more rare CNS neuroinflammatory disorders, given the treatment and rehabilitation challenges that they present. Recent Findings: In-depth discussion about conditions that can mimic idiopathic transverse myelitis is emphasized during this review. Also, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome is included as a discussion point in this review with the most recent literature cited. A general overview of the most current approaches and considerations for multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and autoimmune encephalitis is discussed. Summary: This review serves as a brief overview of neuroinflammatory conditions most relevant to neurologists and rehabilitation providers who see and manage these patients. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.