Unconscious Bias and the Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in African American and Hispanic Youth

[1] Feisthamel KP(2009)Differences in mental health counselors’ diagnoses based on client race: an investigation of adjustment, childhood, and substance-related disorders J Ment Health Couns 31 47-59

[2] Schwartz RC(2007)Diagnosing conduct problems of children and adolescents in residential treatment Child Youth Care Forum 36 1-10

[3] Cameron M(2013)Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in medical and oral health, access to care, and use of services in US children: has anything changed over the years? International Journal for Equity in Health 12 10-1802

[4] Guterman N(2007)Disparities in diagnoses received prior to a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder J Autism Dev Disord 37 1795-1451

[5] Flores Glenn(2016)Racial/Ethnic Disproportionality in Psychiatric Diagnoses and Treatment in a Sample of Serious Juvenile Offenders Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46 1424-e20160407

[6] Lin Hua(2016)Racial and Ethnic Disparities in ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment PEDIATRICS 138 e20160407-93

[7] Mandell DS(2013)Racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis from kindergarten to eighth grade Pediatrics. 132 85-7

[8] Ittenbach RF(2007)Conduct disorders in African American adolescent males: The perceptions that lead to overdiagnosis and placement in special programs Alabama Counseling Association Journal 33 1-167

[9] Levy SE(2016)Early development of comorbidity between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) J Abnorm Psychol 125 154-e20160430

[10] Pinto-Martin JA(2016)Patterns of Comorbidity Among Girls With ADHD: A Meta-analysis PEDIATRICS 138 e20160430-128

[1] Feisthamel KP(2009)Differences in mental health counselors’ diagnoses based on client race: an investigation of adjustment, childhood, and substance-related disorders J Ment Health Couns 31 47-59

[2] Schwartz RC(2007)Diagnosing conduct problems of children and adolescents in residential treatment Child Youth Care Forum 36 1-10

[3] Cameron M(2013)Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in medical and oral health, access to care, and use of services in US children: has anything changed over the years? International Journal for Equity in Health 12 10-1802

[4] Guterman N(2007)Disparities in diagnoses received prior to a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder J Autism Dev Disord 37 1795-1451

[5] Flores Glenn(2016)Racial/Ethnic Disproportionality in Psychiatric Diagnoses and Treatment in a Sample of Serious Juvenile Offenders Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46 1424-e20160407

[6] Lin Hua(2016)Racial and Ethnic Disparities in ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment PEDIATRICS 138 e20160407-93

[7] Mandell DS(2013)Racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis from kindergarten to eighth grade Pediatrics. 132 85-7

[8] Ittenbach RF(2007)Conduct disorders in African American adolescent males: The perceptions that lead to overdiagnosis and placement in special programs Alabama Counseling Association Journal 33 1-167

[9] Levy SE(2016)Early development of comorbidity between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) J Abnorm Psychol 125 154-e20160430

[10] Pinto-Martin JA(2016)Patterns of Comorbidity Among Girls With ADHD: A Meta-analysis PEDIATRICS 138 e20160430-128