Is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis disrupted in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

[1] Raff H(2014)Physiological basis for the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia Compr. Physiol. 4 739-769

[2] Sharma ST(2005)Screening and diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 34 385-402

[3] Nieman LK(2006)Cushing’s syndrome: important issues in diagnosis and management J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 3746-3753

[4] Findling JW(2015)Cushing syndrome: update on testing Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 44 43-50

[5] Raff H(2012)Do patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased prevalence of Cushing’s syndrome? Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 28 219-227

[6] Findling JW(2014)Cushing’s syndrome in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control Endocrine 47 895-900

[7] Raff H(2014)Association of diurnal patterns in salivary cortisol with type 2 diabetes in the Whitehall II study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99 4625-4631

[8] Raff H(2015)Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and cortisol activity in obesity: a systematic review Psychoneuroendocrinology 62 301-318

[9] Krarup T(2007)Cortisol secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes: relationship with chronic complications Diabetes Care 30 83-88

[10] Krarup T(2007)Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and memory impairments in type 2 diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92 2439-2445

[1] Raff H(2014)Physiological basis for the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia Compr. Physiol. 4 739-769

[2] Sharma ST(2005)Screening and diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 34 385-402

[3] Nieman LK(2006)Cushing’s syndrome: important issues in diagnosis and management J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 3746-3753

[4] Findling JW(2015)Cushing syndrome: update on testing Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 44 43-50

[5] Raff H(2012)Do patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased prevalence of Cushing’s syndrome? Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 28 219-227

[6] Findling JW(2014)Cushing’s syndrome in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control Endocrine 47 895-900

[7] Raff H(2014)Association of diurnal patterns in salivary cortisol with type 2 diabetes in the Whitehall II study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99 4625-4631

[8] Raff H(2015)Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and cortisol activity in obesity: a systematic review Psychoneuroendocrinology 62 301-318

[9] Krarup T(2007)Cortisol secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes: relationship with chronic complications Diabetes Care 30 83-88

[10] Krarup T(2007)Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and memory impairments in type 2 diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92 2439-2445