Montmorillonite and Beidellite Intercalated with Tetramethylammonium Cations

Molecular mechanics simulations, combined with X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, have been used in structure analysis of montmorillonite and beidellite intercalated with tetramethylammonium cations. A complex structure analysis provided us with the detailed structure model, including characterization of the disorder, the total sublimation energy and a charge distribution in the structure of intercalates. The calculated basal spacings (14.36 Å for TMA-montmorillonite and 14.12 Å for TMA-beidellite) are in good agreement with the experimental values (14.31 Å for TMA-montmorillonite and 14.147 Å for TMA-beidellite). Both intercalated structures exhibit positional and orientational disorder in the arrangement of TMA cations, and consequently disorder in layer-stacking. In the present work we analyse the effect of octahedral and tetrahedral substitutions in a 2:1 silicate layer on the arrangement of tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations in the interlayer space of montmorillonite and beidellite. The most significant difference between TMA-montmorillonite and TMA-beidellite is in the charge distribution on the TMA cations and silicate layer. The TMA-beidellite structure is highly polarized, the total charge on one TMA cation is +0.167 e−, while the total charge on the TMA cation in montmorillonite is +0.050 e−.