Biochemical Mechanisms in Durum Wheat (Triticumdurum Desf.) under Abiotic Stress, Grown in a Hydroponic System

Plants respond to different stresses using different mechanisms depending on the plant species and variety. This study aims to assess the physiological behavior of durum wheat (Triticumdurum Desf.) under various types of abiotic stress and to look for possible correlations between biochemical and physiological parameters during each stress. Simeto variety is grown in a hydroponic culture chamber and then subjected to four stresses (salinity, cold, heat, and drought) during the stem extension stage. The contents of water, chlorophyll, total sugars, and proline are measured on the fresh leaves of stressed plants. The highest proline values for salt and heat stress were 1.53 and 1.56 mu mol/g fr wt, respectively. Water stress increased the content of soluble sugars by 59.62 mu mol/g fr wt significantly. When compared to the control and cold stress (16.61 mu g/g fr wt), salinity, drought, and heat stress significantly increased the chlorophyll content of cultivated wheat, which was 57.43 mu g/g fr wt. Drought and salinity stresses were applied to cultivated durum wheat, resulting in a decrease in water content in fresh leaf tissues of 39.28 and 19.45%, respectively. The water content of the control wheat crop was 79.31%. Wheat's stress response is based on an osmoregulatory mechanism that involves proline accumulation. Salt and heat were the primary stressors with the greatest negative impact on cultivated wheat. The most significant associations between heat stress and soluble sugars levels and their correlation with proline, and total chlorophyll content and its correlation with chlorophyll a were discovered.