According to the dynamic cascade model of development, the present study explored the effect mechanism of the relationship between perceived childhood harsh parental discipline, deviant peer affiliation, core self-evaluation, and cyberbullying from the perspectives of parents, peers, and self. A total of 9277 college students completed a series of questionnaires about perceived childhood harsh parental discipline, deviant peer affiliation, core self-evaluation, and cyberbullying. The results showed that both perceived childhood parental psychological aggression and corporal punishment positively predicted cyberbullying and that perceived childhood parental corporal punishment showed a greater effect. Deviant peer affiliation mediated the effect of perceived childhood parental psychological aggression and corporal punishment on cyberbullying, and core self-evaluation moderated the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and cyberbullying. Meanwhile, the moderating role of core self-evaluation in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and cyberbullying is stronger for males than for females. Specifically, these findings guided the prevention and intervention of cyberbullying.