Reinfections and Trypanosoma cruzi strains can determine the prognosis of the chronic chagasic cardiopathy in mice

Chronic Chagas’ disease represents the result of the interaction between the host and the parasite, producing different clinical features: from a mild disease to a severe heart failure. In the present investigation, we analyzed whether Trypanosoma cruzi strain and/or reinfections in the acute stage, determine changes in the chronic phase (135 days postinfection, d.p.i) that could explain the diverse evolution of cardiac lesions. After infection of albino Swiss mice (n = 170) with 50 blood trypomastigote of the T. cruzi, strain Tulahuen (n = 80) and the isolate SGO-Z12 (n = 90), respectively, and reinfections at 10 and 20 d.p.i. Parasitemia, survival, electrocardiography, affinity and density of cardiac β-receptors and histopathology of the heart were studied. Parasitemias in reinfected mice were significantly higher than those in single-infected mice. Survival of SGO-Z12-infected group was significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.01). All Tulahuen-reinfected mice and 55–67% of the infected and SGO-Z12-reinfected groups presented some electrocardiographic abnormality (p < 0.01). Hearts from single-infected mice presented fibber disorganization and necrosis; reinfected groups also exhibited fibber fragmentation and a diminished affinity and a higher beta-adrenergic receptors’ density than the other groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, parasite strain and reinfections determine different cardiac damage, and either (or both) of these factors are involved in the severity of the clinical picture and the prognosis of the chronic cardiac disease.