Coherence objectivity and measurement: the example of democracy

Empirical research on democracy depends upon data. The need for such data has led to the development of measures of democracy. Measurement models are evaluated in terms of their reliability and validity, both of which may be thought of as related to the objectivity of the measure. Using the Varieties of Democracy Project (V-Dem) as an example, I consider how assessing reliability and validity of measurement models is challenging and argue that democracy might be understood as measured objectively when it is subject to theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic constraints. I call this coherence objectivity.