Pressure measurement in combusting and non-combusting gases using laser-induced grating spectroscopy

The measurement of pressure using laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy, LITGS, with improved accuracy and precision is reported. Pressure values are derived from the record of the time-profile of LITGS signals by fitting of modelled signals to experimental data. The procedure is described for accurate modelling of the LIGS signals involving a sequence of calculation steps with appropriate weighting and calibration to determine the best-fit value of pressure-dependent parameters for averaged and single-shot measurements. Results are reported showing application of this model-fitting method to measurements of pressure in static cells using LITGS generated from NO in mixtures containing N2 at pressures in the range 0.5–5.0 bar with accuracy of 1–3% and single-shot precision of 4–7%. Time-resolved measurements of pressure, using LITGS signals generated in toluene-seeded fuel vapour, during the compression and expansion strokes of a motored optically accessible engine are reported with pressure-dependent accuracy ranging from better than 10 to around 20% over the cycle and single-shot precision in the range 5–15% over the same range. Measurements in the engine under firing conditions were obtained over a limited range and slightly increased uncertainties associated with varying composition resulting from exhaust gas residuals. The method was found to be of limited utility for measurements in high temperature flames at around ambient pressures.