Clinical effect of digitalized designed and 3D-printed repositioning splints in the treatment of anterior displacement of temporomandibular joint disc

Objective To compare the treatment effectiveness of digitized and 3D-printed repositioning splints with that of conventional repositioning splints in the treatment of anterior displacement of the temporomandibular joint disc. Methods This retrospective study included 96 patients with disc displacement of the anterior temporomandibular joint. They were treated with either digitally designed and 3D-printed repositioning splints or traditional splints and followed up for at least six months. Changes in signs and symptoms such as pain and mouth opening before and after treatment were recorded to evaluate treatment outcomes. Results During the first month of treatment, both the digitally designed and 3D-printed repositioning splint groups (Group B) and the traditional repositioning splint group (Group A) showed significant increases in mouth opening, with increases of 4.93 +/- 3.06 mm and 4.07 +/- 4.69 mm, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Both groups had a significant reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, with Group B showing a greater reduction of 1.946 +/- 1.113 compared to 1.488 +/- 0.978 in Group A (P < 0.05). By the sixth month, Group B's mouth opening further improved to 38.65 +/- 3.22 mm (P < 0.05), while Group A's mouth opening did not significantly improve. Regarding pain, Group A's VAS score decreased by 0.463 +/- 0.778 after one month, and Group B's score decreased by 0.455 +/- 0.715; both groups showed significant reductions, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Compared with traditional repositioning splints, digitally designed and 3D-printed repositioning splints are more effective at reducing patient pain and improving mouth opening. 3D-printed repositioning splints are an effective treatment method for temporomandibular joint disc displacement and have significant potential for widespread clinical application.