Skin and respiratory exposure to soluble lead, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and silver at two South African precious metals refineries

[1] Ahlström MG(2019)Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: a clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment Contact Dermat 81 227-241

[2] Thyssen JP(2016)Metals (cobalt, copper, lead, mercury) Medicine 44 182-184

[3] Wennervaldt M(2010)Assessment of dermal exposure and skin condition of workers exposed to nickel at a South African base metal refinery Ann Occup Hyg 54 23-30

[4] Menné T(2013)Dermal exposure and changes in skin barrier function of base metal refinery workers co-exposed to cobalt and nickel Occup Health South Afr 19 6-12

[5] Johansen JD(2015)Short and frequent skin contact with nickel Contact Dermat 73 222-230

[6] Bradberry SM(2015)In vitro permeation of metals through human skin: a review and recommendations Chem Res Toxicol 28 2237-2249

[7] Du Plessis JL(1986)Permeation of nickel salts through human skin in vitro Contact Dermat 15 173-177

[8] Eloff FC(2010)An accurate substitution method for analysing censored data J Occup Environ Hyg 7 233-244

[9] Badenhorst CJ(2017)Field measurements of inadvertent ingestion exposure to metals Ann Work Expo Health 61 097-1107

[10] Olivier J(2006)Skin penetration by metal compounds with special reference to copper Toxicol Mech Methods 16 245-265

[1] Ahlström MG(2019)Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: a clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment Contact Dermat 81 227-241

[2] Thyssen JP(2016)Metals (cobalt, copper, lead, mercury) Medicine 44 182-184

[3] Wennervaldt M(2010)Assessment of dermal exposure and skin condition of workers exposed to nickel at a South African base metal refinery Ann Occup Hyg 54 23-30

[4] Menné T(2013)Dermal exposure and changes in skin barrier function of base metal refinery workers co-exposed to cobalt and nickel Occup Health South Afr 19 6-12

[5] Johansen JD(2015)Short and frequent skin contact with nickel Contact Dermat 73 222-230

[6] Bradberry SM(2015)In vitro permeation of metals through human skin: a review and recommendations Chem Res Toxicol 28 2237-2249

[7] Du Plessis JL(1986)Permeation of nickel salts through human skin in vitro Contact Dermat 15 173-177

[8] Eloff FC(2010)An accurate substitution method for analysing censored data J Occup Environ Hyg 7 233-244

[9] Badenhorst CJ(2017)Field measurements of inadvertent ingestion exposure to metals Ann Work Expo Health 61 097-1107

[10] Olivier J(2006)Skin penetration by metal compounds with special reference to copper Toxicol Mech Methods 16 245-265