Deep learning models for digital image processing: a review

Within the domain of image processing, a wide array of methodologies is dedicated to tasks including denoising, enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. These techniques collectively address the challenges and opportunities posed by different aspects of image analysis and manipulation, enabling applications across various fields. Each of these methodologies contributes to refining our understanding of images, extracting essential information, and making informed decisions based on visual data. Traditional image processing methods and Deep Learning (DL) models represent two distinct approaches to tackling image analysis tasks. Traditional methods often rely on handcrafted algorithms and heuristics, involving a series of predefined steps to process images. DL models learn feature representations directly from data, allowing them to automatically extract intricate features that traditional methods might miss. In denoising, techniques like Self2Self NN, Denoising CNNs, DFT-Net, and MPR-CNN stand out, offering reduced noise while grappling with challenges of data augmentation and parameter tuning. Image enhancement, facilitated by approaches such as R2R and LE-net, showcases potential for refining visual quality, though complexities in real-world scenes and authenticity persist. Segmentation techniques, including PSPNet and Mask-RCNN, exhibit precision in object isolation, while handling complexities like overlapping objects and robustness concerns. For feature extraction, methods like CNN and HLF-DIP showcase the role of automated recognition in uncovering image attributes, with trade-offs in interpretability and complexity. Classification techniques span from Residual Networks to CNN-LSTM, spotlighting their potential in precise categorization despite challenges in computational demands and interpretability. This review offers a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations across methodologies, paving the way for informed decisions in practical applications. As the field evolves, addressing challenges like computational resources and robustness remains pivotal in maximizing the potential of image processing techniques.