Effectiveness of Twice-Weekly Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine as Primary Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with Advanced HIV Infection

被引：0

作者：

D. Schürmann

F. Bergmann

H. Albrecht

J. Padberg

T. Wünsche

T. Grünewald

M. Schürmann

M. Grobusch

M. Vallée

B. Ruf

N. Suttorp

机构：

[1] Department of Infectious Diseases,

[2] Charité University Hospital,undefined

[3] Campus Virchow-Klinikum,undefined

[4] Humboldt University of Berlin,undefined

[5] Augustenburger Platz 1,undefined

[6] 13351 Berlin,undefined

[7] Germany,undefined

[8] Division of Infectious Diseases,undefined

[9] Department of Medicine,undefined

[10] Emory University School of Medicine,undefined

[11] 69 Butler Street SE,undefined

[12] Atlanta,undefined

[13] Georgia 30303,undefined

[14] USA,undefined

[15] Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine,undefined

[16] Städtisches Klinikum "St. Georg" Leipzig,undefined

[17] Delitzscher Straße 141,undefined

[18] 04129 Leipzig,undefined

[19] Germany,undefined

来源：

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases | 2002年 / 21卷

关键词：

Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Folinic Acid; Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia; Primary Prophylaxis; Sulfadoxine;

D O I：

暂无

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摘要：

The safety and efficacy of a fixed 25 mg pyrimethamine-500 mg sulfadoxine combination supplemented with 15 mg folinic acid twice a week as primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis was evaluated in 106 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. All patients had a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/μl at study entry. Efficacy in this single-arm open-label prospective study was analyzed on an as-treated basis. No patient received highly active antiretroviral treatment, including protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, while on study medication. PCP developed in four patients, one of whom had been noncompliant. No PCP episode occurred in the first year. Probabilities of freedom from PCP were 0.97 (95%CI, 0.92–1) after 24 months and 0.93 (95%CI, 0.84–1) after 36 months. Of 74 (69.8%) patients positive for anti-toxoplasma IgG antibodies, one noncompliant patient developed toxoplasmic encephalitis after 24 months. Allergic reactions were observed in 18 (17%) patients and resulted in permanent discontinuation in 7 (6.6%) patients. One (0.9%) patient who had continued prophylaxis despite progressive hypersensitivity reactions developed a serious adverse reaction (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). The median survival of study participants was 29 months, with relentless progression of AIDS accounting for most deaths. The prophylaxis regimen studied appeared safe and effective for primary prophylaxis of PCP and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Severe adverse events can likely be prevented by discontinuation of prophylaxis at the time allergic reactions are noted. Rechallenge frequently results in tolerance. Efficacy and safety compare favorably with previously studied regimens. This simple prophylactic regimen may provide a convenient alternative for patients failing or intolerant to approved regimens.

引用

页码：353 / 361

页数：8