Individual Differences in Cortical Processing Speed Predict Cognitive Abilities: a Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Account

被引：0
作者：
Schubert A.-L. [1 ]
Nunez M.D. [2 ,3 ]
Hagemann D. [1 ]
Vandekerckhove J. [2 ,4 ,5 ]
机构：
[1] Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Hauptstrasse 47-51, Heidelberg
[2] Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, CA
[3] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697, CA
[4] Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, 92697, CA
[5] Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 3151 Social Sciences Plaza, Irvine, 92697, CA
来源：
Computational Brain & Behavior | 2019年 / 2卷 / 2期
基金：
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词：
Cognitive abilities; Cognitive latent variable model; Diffusion model; ERP latencies; Processing speed; Reaction times;
D O I：
10.1007/s42113-018-0021-5
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Previous research has shown that individuals with greater cognitive abilities display a greater speed of higher-order cognitive processing. These results suggest that speeded neural information processing may facilitate evidence accumulation during decision making and memory updating and thus yield advantages in general cognitive abilities. We used a hierarchical Bayesian cognitive modeling approach to test the hypothesis that individual differences in the velocity of evidence accumulation mediate the relationship between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities. We found that a higher neural speed predicted both the velocity of evidence accumulation across behavioral tasks and cognitive ability test scores. However, only a negligible part of the association between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities was mediated by individual differences in the velocity of evidence accumulation. The model demonstrated impressive forecasting abilities by predicting 36% of individual variation in cognitive ability test scores in an entirely new sample solely based on their electrophysiological and behavioral data. Our results suggest that individual differences in neural processing speed might affect a plethora of higher-order cognitive processes, that only in concert explain the large association between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities, instead of the effect being entirely explained by differences in evidence accumulation speeds. © 2018, Society for Mathematical Psychology.
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页码：64 / 84
页数：20
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