Induction of growth and antioxidant defense mechanisms in Matricaria chamomilla L. callus by vibration

Effect of sinusoidal vibration on the activity of some antioxidative enzymes, pigments, membrane stability, and total phenolic was investigated in callus tissues of Matricaria chamomilla L. Two calli sources were initiated from leaf and root explants, and different frequencies of sinusoidal vibration (0, 5, 10, 15, 50, and 100 Hz) for 3 min were applied to stimulate callus tissues of M. chamomilla. According to the obtained findings in two calli of Matricaria chamomilla, enhancement of growth by vibration was observed at 15 and 50 Hz. Improvement of growth by vibration can be explained by induction in protein, proline total phenol contents, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, reduction in malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Carotenoid significantly augmented at 15 and 50 Hz frequencies. The electrophoresis profile showed different isoform patterns, and the intensity of bands was promoted by vibration. Moreover, a new superoxide dismutase band appeared at 15 and 50 Hz frequencies in leaf calli. These results may provide insight into antioxidant defense mechanisms of callus tissue to vibration.