Application of Pig Manure Compost with Different Biochar Modifies the Antibiotic Resistome and Bacterial Community in Agriculture Soil

The antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) content of composted pig manure remains high, but little is known about the impacts of its use in agriculture soil. In this study, the effects of three types of biochar (corn straw biochar, bamboo charcoal, and pig manure biochar) and pig manure compost fertilizer on ARGs and bacterial community in agriculture soil were compared. It was discovered through pot experiments that the pig manure added with biochar compost will still introduce ARGs into the soil vegetable system. And applying fertilizer with low ARG abundance does not guarantee that the soil system will have low ARGs abundance following fertilization. Corn biochar compost will increase the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas and Massilia) in soil. In addition, tetC, tetG, tetX, sul1, sul3, and qnrS genes were positively correlated with pathogenic bacteria, posing a health danger to the environment. Bamboo carbon compost will increase the abundance of soil probiotics (Arenimonas), so bamboo carbon compost has more advantages. Our findings have significant implications for the low-risk utilization of pig manure and risk evaluation of pig manure composting fertilizer.