In vitro induction of polyploidy in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Mutational breeding was conducted using in vitro-grown shoot-tips of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban treated with colchicine (0.025–0.400% for 12–36 h) to induce polyploidy. Treated shoot-tips were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.54 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to soil. Two months following transfer to ex vitro conditions, ploidy levels of regenerated plants were determined by flow cytometry and by determining chromosome counts. Treating shoot-tips with colchicine concentrations ranging from 0.050–0.200% for 12–24 h promoted induction of tetraploids. Morphological and growth characteristics and the triterpenoid contents of the polyploids were also measured. Tetraploid plants demonstrated significantly longer stomata and a higher stomatal index compared to those of the diploid control plants. Furthermore, a positive trend in both biomass and triterpenoid production was obtained with the tetraploid and mixoploid plants of C. asiatica.