Random walks on almost connected locally compact groups: Boundary and convergence

We prove that, given an arbitrary spread out probability measure μ on an almost connected locally compact second countable groupG, there exists a homogeneous spaceG/H, called the μ-boundary, such that the space of bounded μ-harmonic functions can be identified withL∞ (G/H). The μ-boundary is an amenable contractive homogeneous space. We also establish that the canonical projection onto the μ-boundary of the right random walk of law μ always converges in probability and, whenG is amenable, it converges almost surely. The μ-boundary can be characterised as the largest homogeneous space among those homogeneous spaces in which the canonical projection of the random walk converges in probability.