Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show the isolation effect during serial list recognition memory tests

被引:0
作者
Michael J. Beran
机构
[1] Georgia State University,Language Research Center
来源
Animal Cognition | 2011年 / 14卷
关键词
Chimpanzees; Pan troglodytes; von Restorff effect; Isolation effect; Memory;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
The isolation effect (or von Restorff effect) occurs when one item in a to-be-remembered list is distinctive from all remaining items, and memory for that item is enhanced. Four chimpanzees were presented with a serial list of four photographs. In the homogeneous condition, all list items were from the same semantic category (e.g., four fruits). In the isolate condition, three items were from the same category, but the fourth item (the isolate) was from a different category (e.g., three fruits and one toy). Then, two photographs were presented, and the chimpanzees had to select the one that was from the list. Two of four chimpanzees were significantly more likely to select a correct isolate item than an item from the same list position in the homogeneous condition for at least some list positions. This facilitation in performance was for isolate items only, as presenting an isolate item in a list did not facilitate greater recognition of other list items compared to the homogeneous condition. These results indicated that some chimpanzees perceived the semantic categories of the photographs, and categorization of photographs led to the isolation effect. Thus, chimpanzees may share with humans some aspects of memory organization that involve spontaneously categorizing visual stimuli and recognizing categorically unique stimuli.
引用
收藏
页码:637 / 645
页数:8
相关论文
共 85 条
  • [1] Astley SL(1992)Categorical discrimination and generalization in pigeons: all negative stimuli are not created equal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Proc 18 193-207
  • [2] Wasserman EA(1998)Symbol comprehension and learning: a “vocabulary” test of three chimpanzees ( Evol Communication 2 171-188
  • [3] Beran MJ(1999)) Dev Psychobiol 34 119-127
  • [4] Savage-Rumbaugh ES(2000)Delay of gratification in chimpanzees ( Anim Learn Behav 28 201-207
  • [5] Brakke KE(2003)) J Comp Psychol 117 400-405
  • [6] Kelley JW(2000)A chimpanzee’s ( J Comp Psychol 114 392-400
  • [7] Rumbaugh DM(1981)) long-term retention of lexigrams Memory Cogn 9 651-660
  • [8] Beran MJ(1967)Rhesus macaques ( J Gen Psychol 76 151-159
  • [9] Savage-Rumbaugh ES(1995)) categorize unknown conspecifics according to their dominance relations J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 21 224-240
  • [10] Pate JL(1940)Spontaneous discrimination of natural stimuli by chimpanzees ( J Exp Psychol 66 111-119