Pulmonary renal syndrome associated with Wegener’s granulomatosis: a case report and review of literature

Pulmonary renal syndromes are rare but serious complications of systemic vasculitis. The majority of these cases are related to ANCA-associated vasculitis. These syndromes represent a combination of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Here we report a case of 21-year-old female with a clinical picture of community-acquired pneumonia that rapidly evolved to pulmonary hemorrhage and acute renal failure. Combined pulse steroid treatment, immunosuppressive treatment, and plasmapheresis were instituted and resulted in the improvement of the patient. The diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis was established based on the clinical and serological findings (positive cANCA). Here we review the relevant literature on pulmonary renal syndromes associated with Wegener’s granulomatosis and discuss their diverse clinicopathologic features.