A Comparative Analysis of Nanofluid and Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Through Endoscope

A mathematical model is used to discuss a comparative study of AA7072 (nanofluid) and AA7072/AA7075 (hybrid nanofluid) flow through endoscope. For this evaluation, AA7072 (which is the combination of Al (98%)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(98\%) $$\end{document} and Zn (1%)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(1\%)$$\end{document} mixed with metals Si, Fe and Cu) and AA7075 (which is the mixture of Al (90%)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(90\%)$$\end{document}, Zn (6%)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(6\%)$$\end{document}, Mg (3%)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(3\%)$$\end{document} and Cu (1%)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(1\%)$$\end{document} mixed with metals Si, Fe and Mg) are considered as nanoparticles and water as a base fluid. The inner cylinder is endoscope (rigid and fixed) moving with constant velocity (V)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\textit{(V)}$$\end{document}, while the external cylinder is sinusoidal (wave moving down to its boundaries) like the shape of artery in the form of concentration and relaxation phenomena. Low Reynolds number and long wavelength estimation is applied for analytic solution. The resulting nonlinear PDEs are transformed into ODEs by perturbation technique. After this, we compare graphically the behavior of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluids for velocity profile, temperature profile, friction forces on inner and outer cylinders, pressure gradient and pressure rise for different values of solid volume fractions and inner cylinder radius.