Treatment of acute ischemic stroke with clot retrieval devices

Mechanical clot retrieval is increasingly used for flow-restoration and thrombectomy in acute embolic stroke. Emerging as a treatment option in addition to intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis, it is currently being further developed and investigated as a potential first-line and stand-alone treatment. The ability to rapidly restore flow and effectively retrieve clots from large intracranial arteries is reflected by angiographic data and preliminary clinical results. This article reviews the principles and technical aspects of this new technique, its emergence from the spectrum of intravenous and endovascular stroke treatment, and summarizes the first clinical results for acute ischemic anterior and posterior circulation stroke. Clot retrieval devices are a very promising option for treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the setting of large vessel occlusion. However, there currently exists a reported discrepancy between excellent recanalization rates and less satisfactory clinical outcomes. This problem urgently needs to be addressed in a prospective randomized fashion and improvements of treatment be recognized and implemented before clot retrieval can be considered an established form of acute stroke treatment. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.