Alternative Strategy to Reduce Surface Recombination for InGaN/GaN Micro-light-Emitting Diodes—Thinning the Quantum Barriers to Manage the Current Spreading

Owing to high surface-to-volume ratio, InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) strongly suffer from surface recombination that is induced by sidewall defects. Moreover, as the chip size decreases, the current spreading will be correspondingly enhanced, which therefore further limits the carrier injection and the external quantum efficiency (EQE). In this work, we suggest reducing the nonradiative recombination rate at sidewall defects by managing the current spreading effect. For that purpose, we properly reduce the vertical resistivity by decreasing the quantum barrier thickness so that the current is less horizontally spreaded to sidewall defects. As a result, much fewer carriers are consumed in the way of surface nonradiative recombination. Our calculated results demonstrate that the suppressed surface nonradiative recombination can better favor the hole injection efficiency. We also fabricate the μLEDs that are grown on Si substrates, and the measured results are consistent with the numerical calculations, such that the EQE for the proposed μLEDs with properly thin quantum barriers can be enhanced, thanks to the less current spreading effect and the decreased surface nonradiative recombination.