Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and annexin II are involved in the metastatic progression of tumor cells after chemotherapy with Adriamycin

Metastasis frequently occurs during and/or after chemotherapy resulting in failure. This suggests that inadequate chemotherapy promotes the emergence of more malignant tumor cells with metastatic potential. However, it is not determined how chemotherapy could promote the metastatic progression of tumor cells. In this study, we isolated highly metastatic clones from the tumors treated with ADR using an in vivo experimental model, in which non-metastatic tumor cells were inoculated s.c. in mice, treated with or without Adriamycin and then culture lines were re-established from the tumors. Then we isolated cDNAs for activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), osteopontin, and annexin II as candidates for metastasis-promoting genes with the use of a PCR-based subtraction method. Further we examined the metastatic potential of transfectants over-expressing ALCAM, osteopontin, or annexin II and combinations of them. Metastasis to the lung was observed in the mice where transfectants over-expressing ALCAM plus annexin II had been inoculated via tail vein. These results suggest that the over-expression of ALCAM and annexin II play a role in the metastatic progression after chemotherapy with ADR.